With the collapse of the Emperor's central authority, sumo lost its importance in the court during the Kamakura period, sumo was repurposed from a ceremonial struggle to a form of military combat training among samurai. Regular events at the Emperor's court, the sumai no sechie, and the establishment of the first set of rules for sumo fall into the cultural heyday of the Heian period. In the centuries that followed, the popularity of sumo within the court increased its ceremonial and religious significance. The first historically-attested sumo fights were held in 642 at the court of Empress Kogyoku to entertain a Korean legation. According to The Nihon Shoki, Nomi broke a rib of Taima with one kick, and killed him with a kick to the back as well.Until the Japanese Middle Ages, this unregulated form of wrestling was often fought to the death of one of the fighters. The Nihon Shoki, published in 720, dates the first sumo match between mortals to the year 23 BC, when a man named Nomi no Sukune fought against Taima no Kuehaya at the request of Emperor Suinin and eventually killed him, making him the mythological ancestor of sumo. Nomi no Sukune's legendary match against Taima no Kuehaya. Takemikazuchi had a grip on Takeminakata's arm and crushed it "like a reed," defeating Takeminakata and claiming his land for his gods. Takeminakata challenged Takemikazuchi for his land. Takemikazuchi was the ruler of the common people and Takeminakata was the god of wind, water and agriculture. The first mention of sumo can be found in a Kojiki manuscript dating back to 712, which describes how possession of the Japanese islands was decided in a wrestling match between the kami Takemikazuchi and Takeminakata. Prehistoric wall paintings indicate that sumo originated from an agricultural ritual dance performed in prayer for a good harvest. Despite this setback, sumo's popularity and general attendance has rebounded due to having multiple yokozuna (or grand champions) for the first time in a number of years and other high-profile wrestlers grabbing the public's attention. These have also affected the sport's ability to attract recruits. Most sumo wrestlers are required to live in communal sumo training stables, known in Japanese as heya, where all aspects of their daily lives-from meals to their manner of dress-are dictated by strict tradition.įrom 2008 to 2016, a number of high-profile controversies and scandals rocked the sumo world, with an associated effect on its reputation and ticket sales. Life as a wrestler is highly regimented, with rules regulated by the Japan Sumo Association. Many ancient traditions have been preserved in sumo, and even today the sport includes many ritual elements, such as the use of salt purification, from Shinto.
It is considered a gendai budo, which refers to modern Japanese martial arts, but the sport has a history spanning many centuries.
Sumo originated in Japan, the only country where it is practiced professionally, where it is considered the national sport. Sumo (Japanese: 相撲)) is a form of competitive full-contact wrestling where a rikishi (wrestler) attempts to force his opponent out of a circular ring ( dohyo) or into touching the ground with any body part other than the soles of his feet (usually by throwing, shoving or pushing him down). A sumo match between Tochinoshin and Shohozan.